Earthquake

An earthquake is one of the most destructive phenomenon. It is actually the movement or vibration of the uppermost layer of the earth. In other words, it refers to the vibration produced on the surface of the earth which causes various disasters.
It is not more than the vibration of the uppermost surface of the earth due to underground movement which is mostly caused by volcanic activities or fault planes.
Earthquake's measurement is taken by using a instrument called as seismograph. It has very simple mechanism behind its working.

Ozone Layer Depletion A Threaten To The Earth

               The availability of ozone in the stratosphere is the causes of ozone layer. The ozone layer is found between 10 and 50 km above the Earth's surface and occupies 90% of all stratospheric ozone. Stratospheric ozone is formed by the  reaction molecules of oxygen with next oxygen atoms in presence of ultraviolet rays.

                The ozone layer is important for the existence of life on earth, since it absorbs harmful UV radiations from the sun. Recently, the thickness of this layer has been decreasing, which leads to holes in it. 

The main cause of ozone layer depletion is the increase in concentration of chlorine from industrially produced CFC gas. In the stratosphere layer, every chlorine atom can destroy up to 0.1 million ozone molecules by a continues chain reaction.

The main effects of this ozone depletion are as follows:

1. Rise in the ultraviolet radiation at the surface of the earth. Only a percent loss of ozone leads to a twice percent increase in UV radiation. Exposure to UV radiation for more time affects animals as well as  plants. It can lead to skin problems, ageing, cancer and corneal cataracts. It also increases global warming.
2. Imbalance in the thermal structure of the atmosphere which will results in the form of  changes in atmospheric circulation;
3. Disturbance in the greenhouse effect provided by the ozone layer. A depleted ozone layer affects the greenhouse effect. Thus ozone depletion results in increased global warming.

Changes in the tropospheric ozone and in the oxidising capacity of the troposphere.

Global Warming

Global warming is nothing more than the increase in the temperature of the every part of the globe.

Rise in the entire temperature of the earth due to the essence of human, nature and many other reasons is known as global warming. The term global warming is made up of thirteen letters. Global warming is an increase in temperature of the earth due to green house effects which create different environmental problems like melting of the snow, increase in the sea level, depletion of the ozone layer, acid rain, destruction in the ecosystem etc. Global warming itself tells us that the globe is becoming warm which creates various problems in our society, country as well as in the whole world.

Many people believe that pollution is the main cause of global warming but the reason behind it is burnings of coals and mineral oils which produces carbon dioxide gas which is one of the important causes.

On the other hand, nuclear power also helps in climate change and results to global warming. According to the scientists it is resulted by the human activities. Naturally occurring green house gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide gases helps to keep the earth surface warm. Green house absorbs the heat energy present in the earth's surface and keeps the balance. In the absence of green house the present temperature of the earth can fall to about 91.4°c which creates a question mark in the existence of living creature. So, green house is a must.

Smokes and gases coming out from the various factories and vehicles affects the green house gases  which in result cannot block the harmful radiations coming from the sun and other stars to the earth. Global warming causes climate change.

If we see from the first then we get to know that the temperature of the earth was always rising. At first due to balance in green house gases we couldn’t know that temperature of our surrounding was rising but now the conditions have changed so, we can see the rising temperature in daily life.

To control global warming, we should be aware ourselves. We should start from ourselves to control pollution. We should minimize the use of plastics; establishment of garbage centre should be done in each city. We should follow the precaution that reduces the use of environment unfriendly products, and follow reuse and recycle. We should reduce the use of plastic and harmful things. If the things are reusable, then we should reuse them. Otherwise we recycle.

Therefore global warming is one of the threats in this world.

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